Aboriginal Title: Deglamuukw 1997, SCC

Map Branches

• Context
  • Gitksan & Wet'suwet'en First Nations
  • 58,000 sq km in BC
  • 374 days of trial
  • 400+ page judgment
  • Aboriginal peoples
    • First Nations
    • Inuit
    • Métis
• Features
  • Sui generis
    • Common law
    • Prior occupation
  • Inalienable except to Crown
  • Held communally
  • Open-ended uses
    • If not inconsistent
  • Constitutionally protected
    • Section 35
    • "Rights" & "Title"
  • Flanagan: Second Thoughts?
• Proof (Bernard/Marshall 2005, SCC)
  • Rights vs. Title
  • Perspective
    • Aboriginal
    • Common law
  • Occupation
    • Pre-sovereignty
    • Regular/exclusive
    • Not incidental/proximate
    • Contextual?
  • Exclusivity
    • Contextual?
    • Effective control possible
    • Joint title?
  • Evidence
    • Continuity
    • Oral history?
• Infringement (Haida Nation 2004, SCC)
  • Trigger for duty
    • Knowledge of claim
  • Scope of duty
    • Depends on claim's strength
  • Compelling objective
    • Conservation
    • Reconciliation
  • Fiduciary obligation
    • Consultation
    • Compensation
  • Extinguishment?
    • Feds only (s. 91(24))
    • Infringement?
  • Surrender
    • Treaties
    • Indian Act

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