3. describe the charateristics of systems

Mindmap, revised outline of Heskett, Chapter 8>Ch8 System>

Branch Note:

I want to put a topic about the characteristics of systems, describing their general physical aspects, information aspects, effectiveness and problems. Main ideas will be the Heskett paragraphs 3-6. I put them in 2 paragraphs.

I actually wish he could address information graphic more like the lecture you gave in class. I tried to point out it as an topic in systems.

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1. overview of systems
- overlaping
- interconnection
- affect by modern live
- information technology
- human--natural system (environment)
2. definition of a system
- a group of interacting, interrelated or interdependent elements
  - requires
- collective quality
3. describe the charateristics of systems
- physical aspect of systems
  - facilities
- 4. information aspect in systems
  - example
    - road signage
  - 5. directional signs
4. follow the topic of #3 focus on effectiveness and problems
- 6. effectiveness of a system
- 3. problems when new requirements arise
  - examples
    - development of automobile, exp- roads, fuel..
7. transportation system
- comparable to automobile and road system
- key case study
  - London Transport
    - Frank Pick, leader
    - Harry Beck, infodesign
- 8. subsystems in transport system
9. how a system works, illustration of a trip on a train or subway
- information part
  - languages
  - maps
  - sign
  - restrictions
  - advertising
  - propaganda
  - timetables
- physical part
  - train
  - machines
  - facility
  - decorations
- 10. continue from #9 (the trip)
  - objects
    - trains etc.
  - environment
    - waiting room etc.
7. effectiveness of systems in the illustration of a trip
- what is an effective system in terms of ease of use
12. other levels of systems
- new problems
- products
  - development
  - manufacture
14. mass production
- early stage
  - unflexible
  - better when standardizing the product
- now
- example
  - produce cars for right- or left- handed
15. design for mass production
- for discrete products
  - particular purpose
    - specific assemblies
      - differentiation in the market
- new technologies
16. example in National Bicycle Industrial Company of Japan for #15
- customers specify models
- different blueprint
  - combination of standardized and cut-to-fit parts
17. another example: Motorola
- 29 million variants of pager
  - elimination of being tied up in inventories
  - enhance customer satisfaction
18. another example: Hewlett-Packard (how they achieve it)
- printers
19. a short summary of manufacture and customize in these days which lead to modules and platforms
19. Modular units (follow the configuration idea)
- overall structure
20. evolution of Modular systems
- 1910s, unit furniture
- 1920s, able to group and adapt by different users
- 1980s, kitchen systems
21. more about Modular systems
- electronic manufactures
  - prolific variations of audio and visual products
  - example
    - Dell Computers
      - specification by customers through internet
22. short conclusion of the modules
22. product platforms
- serve basic functional purpose
- rapidly manufacture a variety of product configurations
  - able to response to the changing and competitive market rapidly
- example
  - Sony's Walkman in 1979
  - 23. other examples follow #22 platforms
    - 1987 Fuji camra
      - Kodak in response to Fuji
        
        1994, Kodak had 70% of US market
24. another example of platforms: Ford Motor Corporation
- in order to restructure the company as a global organization
  - restrict by global dimentions
  - idea of platform
25. short conclusion of the platforms in manufacture systems
- resolve the contradiction
- 26. advantages
  - better follow-up services
  - example
    - personal copier by Canon
      - ink refill + element service in a common module
27. artificial system vs. biological world (the parts and the whole)
- compatibility
- how changes in one part consequences the whole
  - effects on other overlapping systems
- solution
  - design
- possible problem
  - design
    - self-interest
    - subsystem within economic and social systems

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3. describe the charateristics of systems

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