disturbances in tone

Map Branches

• Speech production
  • motor skill
    • sensorimotor skill
    • Acquisition stage
      • dependency
        • somatosensory feedback
  • Aero-mechanical event
    • aerodynamics
      • pressure
      • Flow
      • Volume
    • respiratory system
      • constant subglottic pressure (for utterance)
    • moving structures
      • larynx
      • Velo-pharynx
      • Oropharynx
• differential 
  • Developmental Verbal Dyspraxia
    • difficulty:
      • learning
      • Planning
      • Sequencing
  • phonological disorders
    • sound system
      • delayed
      • Deviant
  • dysarthria
    • cause:
      • lesion in
        • cortex
          • spastic CP
        • Basal ganglia
          • athetoid CP
          • Dyskinetic CP
        • Cerebellum
          • ataxic CP
        • Mixed sites
          • mixed
    • SLT comorbidity:
      • dyspraxia
      • Language delay
      • language disorder
      • Disability
        • physical
        • Sensory
        • progressive disease
      • autism?
        • 10% with CP?
      • epilepsy
      • memory difficulties
        • ABI
• classification
  • disturbances in tone
    • ? paed application
    • adult model
  • Aetiology
    • degenerative
    • neoplastic
    • idiopathic
    • metabolic
    • anoxic
    • traumatic
    • infectious
    • vascular
  • site of lesion
    • Multiple
    • Cerebellar
    • Extapyramidal
    • Upper motorneuron
    • Lower motorneuron
    • muscle
• aetiology
  • acquired
    • Infectious disease
    • stroke
    • Tumour
    • Anoxia
    • TBI
  • developmental
    • metabolic conditions
    • Neuromuscular
      • Muscular dystrophy
      • myasthenia gravis
    • Moebius Syndrome
    • Down syndrome
    • Worster Drought Syndrome
    • cerebral palsy (CP)
      • 45% speech/ difficulties 8-13yrs
        • Kennes et al 2002

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