Gradual level changes

Map Branches

• guiding principles
  • strengthen
    • knowledge/processes with:
      • improvement potential
  • reduce demands
    • impaired cognitive Systems
  • increase reliance
    • spared cognitive Systems
  • provide stimuli evoking
    • positive
      • fact memory
      • action
      • emotion
• specific approaches
  • Spaced Retrieval Training (SRT)
    • shaping procedure
      • Davis, Massman, Doody 2001
    • teach:
      • knowledge
      • Procedures
  • elaborate encoding approach
    • multimodal support for encoding:
      • visual imagery
      • visual organisation
  • techniques facilitating  retrieval
    • recognition easier than recall
    • priming facilitates recall
      • direct priming
        • repetition
      • Indirect priming
        • associative
      • priming: clinical setting
        • direct
        • Indirect
        • memory books
        • Music
        • context
        • Routines
          • "behaviour chains"
    • reminiscence
      • Full mind map
    • Use of retrieval cues reflecting support given at encoding
    • cognitive stimulation
      • active involvment
    • avoid multitasking
      • efficiency in healthy adults!
      • dementia deficits  multitasking impact
        • attention
        • Memory
        • New-Branch
    • allow increased time for response
  • future approaches
    • based on: neural plasticity
• facilitate learning
  • tasks
    • repetition is good!
      • Mahendra 2001
    • aim for errorless learning
    • use emotionally charged scenes/story
      • better recall than neutral scenes
    • personally relevant!
    • Promote multimodal stimulation
      • Montessori methods
        • Orsulic-Jeras, Judge, Camp 2000
      • strengthens learning
        • Two
        • See
        • listen
    • self generation of response
      • Lipinska et al 1994
    • active engagement
      • facilitates learning
    • work within:
      • memory span
    • control:
      • task complexity
        • hierarchy
          • recognition tasks
            • Reading comprehension
            • Auditory comprehension
            • oral reading of words
          • recall tasks
          • tasks requiring: multiple cognitive processes   cognitive effort
            • co-ordinate naming
            • superordinate naming
    • focus:
      • single tasks
  • hearing
    • facilitate it!
      • amplify your voice
      • make face visible to person
      • eliminate noise
      • insure hearing aid use
    • check it!
  • environmental intervention for vision Brawley 1997
    • environment colours:
      • high contrast
        • Plates/table
        • tabletops/floor
        • black vs white
        • light blue vs. light yellow
    • colour rendition improvements
    • task lighting
      • focused
    • Gradual level changes
      • transition spaces
    • Access to daylight
    • glare
    • Consistent light levels
    • raise light levels
      • 2/3x young adult need
  • vision+ dementia
    • contrast sensitivity
    • colour discrimination
  • vision+ageing
    • Less adjustable lens
    • more light

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