changes in intellectual function

Map Branches

• fluency
  • difficulties initiating
    • "stuttering" speech pattern
      • frequent
        • pauses
        • Word blocks
        • Repetition of:
          • sounds
          • syllables
          • Words
  • short rushes of speech
• language
  • majority:
    • changes in intellectual function
  • 50%:
    • depression
  • combination:
    • affects language ability
      • with:
        • auditory comprehension
        • Topic maintenance
        • conversation initiation
        • inappropriate cutting off of sentences
        • limited
          • facial expression
          • gesture
          • body language
• articulation
  • consonant imprecision
    • secondary to
      • Bradykinesia
        • tongue
        • lips
  • rate:
    • listener rate perception
    • variable
• voice
  • resonance
    • hypernasal
      • difficulty sealing off nasal cavity in 
  • breath support for speech
  • monotony
    • Pitch range
    • loudness
  • harsh
  • breathy
    • secondary to:
      • muscle rigidity

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