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Bone Tumors and Tumor Like Lesions

CNS Infections>

Mind Map branch: Bone Tumors and Tumor Like Lesions Bone Tumors and Tumor Like Lesions Bone forming Tumor (19% of cases) Osteoblastoma Benign Round or Oval Tumor Frequently in Spine Dull, Achy Pain Osteoid Ostema Benign Round or Oval Tumor Onset = Teens - Twenties Male 2 : 1 Less than 2 cm in Diameter Predilection (an established preference for something)for appendicular skeleton 50% involve Femur or Tibia Commonly arise from Cortex Has Nidus Radiolucency w/Central Mineralization Painful Lesion Osteoma Benign Round or Oval tumor Project from SubPeriosteal or Endosteal surface of Cortex Solitary Onset = Middle aged Adult Slow growing OsteoSarcoma MALIGNANT mesenchymal Tumor Most common 1o Malignant tumor of BONE Onset = Adolescence Dist. 75% in younger then 20 YO, Elderly Frequency Male 1.6 : 1 Location = Metaphysis of DISTAL FEMUR or PROXIMAL TIBIA (60%) Pathogenesis Genetic Mutations Develop @ sites of greatest bone growth Morphology Characterized by Anatomic portion of Bone where arise Primary or Secondary Degree of Differentiation Bulky Tumors Destroys Surrounding Cortex Produces SOFT TISSUE MASS Coarse lace like pattern of NEOPLASTIC bone Vascular invasion possible Clinical Course Painful Progressively enlarging Masses Pathological Fracture Blastic and Lytic Presentation Periosteal Osteolysis Codman's Triangle Present 90% have lung, brain, bone metastasis Chemotheraphy Survival rate 60-70% Cartilage forming Tumors (22% of cases) Osteochondroma (Aka Exostosis) Benign Cartilage Capped outgrowth Attached to Bony Stalk Single or Multiple Genetic = AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT Onset = Childhood to early AdultHood Male 3 : 1 Metaphysis of LONG TUBULAR BONES Morphology Mushroom Shaped 1-20cm Slow growing mass Painful if impinging Nerve Chondroblastoma Rare BENIGN TUMOR = < 1% Onset = Teens Male 2 : 1 Arise near Knee Predilection of Epiphysis Morphology Sheet w/well defined border Chicken wire pattern Painful Located near Joint Vascular invasion possible Treatment = Surgical Excision or crettage Chondroma (Aka Enchondroma =Involves Medulla) Benign Hyaline Cartilage tumor Most common Interosseous Tumor Onset = 20 to 50 YO Single Found in Metaphyseal region of Tubular Bone Sites = Hand or Foot MULTIPLE ENCHONDROMA = ENCHONDROMATOSIS (Aka Ollier Disease) Morphology < 3 CM Well Defined Oval Lucency Asymptomatic Detected by incidental Findings Chondromyxoid Fibroma Rarest and Benign Sub-classified by site 2nd Most common MALIGNANT matrix producing tumor of Bone Onset = 40 YO Male 2 : 1 Morphology Malignant Hyaline and Myxoid Cartliage Tumor Viscous and gelatinous Spotty cacification Leads to CENTRAL NECROSIS Location Trunk Limb Girdle Proximal Long Bone Rare in DISTAL Extremities Painful Progressively Enlarging Mass Spread Preferentially to LUNG and SKELETON Treatment = Wide Surgical excision and Chemotherapy Matrix producing and fibrous = Most Common Most common Benign = OSTEOCHONDROMA & Fibrous Cortical Defect Benign more Prevalent = Onset = 1st 3 decades Most common Malignant = OSTEOSARCOMA, CHONDROSARCOMA & EWING SARCOMA Malignant Onset = Elderly

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Diverse
Benign to rapidly Fatal
Classified according to normal cell or tissue of origin or clinicopathological feature

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